A number of clinical trials are either underway or being planned to examine the effects of selenium on cancer incidence. Recent evidence points to a role for selenium compounds as well as selenoproteins in the prevention of some forms of cancer. The function of most selenoproteins is currently unknown however, thioredoxin reductases (TrxR), glutathione peroxidases (GPx) and thyroid hormone deiodinases (DIO) are well characterised selenoproteins involved in redox regulation of intracellular signalling, redox homeostasis and thyroid hormone metabolism. This process requires multiple features such as the selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) element and several protein factors including a specific elongation factor EFSec and the SECIS binding protein 2, SBP2. Incorporation of Sec into selenoproteins employs a unique mechanism that involves decoding of the UGA codon. This is attributed to low molecular weight selenium compounds, as well as to its presence within at least 25 proteins, named selenoproteins, in the form of the amino acid selenocysteine (Sec). The requirement of the trace element selenium for life and its beneficial role in human health has been known for several decades. Papp, Laura Vanda Lu, Jun Holmgren, Arne Khanna, Kum Kum From Selenium to Selenoproteins: Synthesis, Identity, and Their Role in Human Health From Selenium to Selenoproteins: Synthesis, Identity, and Their Role in Human Health
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